ABSTRACT
La coartación de aorta (CoAo) es una cardiopatía congénita caracterizada por un estrechamiento de la aorta descendente distal al origen de la arteria subclavia izquierda, lo que determina una obstrucción al flujo sanguíneo. Es imperativo realizar un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno para evitar complicaciones y la muerte en algunos casos. Se describen las características clínicas y anatómicas, así como el tratamiento y la evolución en niños menores de 15 años asistidos en un hospital pediátrico de referencia de Uruguay.
Coarctation of the aorta (CoAo) is a congenital heart disease characterized by a narrowing of the descending aorta distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery, which determines an obstruction to blood flow. It is imperative to make an early diagnosis and timely treatment to avoid complications and death in some cases. The clinical and anatomical characteristics are described, as well as the treatment and evolution in children under 15 years of age attended in a reference pediatric hospital in Uruguay.
A coarctação da aorta (CoAo) é uma doença cardíaca congênita caracterizada por estreitamento da aorta descendente distal à origem da artéria subclávia esquerda, o que determina uma obstrução ao fluxo sanguíneo. É imperativo fazer um diagnóstico precoce e tratamento oportuno para evitar complicações e morte em alguns casos. São descritas as características clínicas e anatômicas, bem como o tratamento e a evolução em crianças menores de 15 anos atendidas em um hospital pediátrico de referência no Uruguai.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Aortic Coarctation/diagnosis , Aortic Coarctation/surgery , Aortic Coarctation/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Age and Sex DistributionABSTRACT
@#Objective To summarize the surgical treatment experience in neonates with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and aortic arch hypoplasia (AAH). Methods The neonates with CoA and AAH who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from 2013 to 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. The postoperative complications, long-term survival rate, and freedom from aortic reobstruction were analyzed. Patients undergoing extended end-to-end anastomosis were allocated into an extended end-to-end group, those undergoing extended end-to-side anastomosis into an extended end-to-side group, and those undergoing pulmonary autograft patch aortoplasty into a patch aortoplasty group. Results Finally 44 patients were enrolled, including 37 males and 7 females, aged 5.00-30.00 (19.34±7.61) days and weighted 2.00-4.50 (3.30±0.60) kg. There were 19 patients of extended end-to-end anastomosis, 19 patients of extended end-to-side anastomosis, and 6 patients of pulmonary autograft patch aortoplasty. The mean values of the Z scores of the proximal, distal, and isthmus of the aortic arch were –2.91±1.52, –3.40±1.30, and –4.04±1.98, respectively. The mean follow-up time was 45.6±3.7 months. There were 2 early deaths and no late deaths. Aortic reobstruction occurred in 8 patients, and 3 patients underwent reoperation intervention. The 5-year rate of freedom from reobstruction was 78.8%. The Cox multivariable regression analysis showed that the related factors for postoperative reobstruction were the Z score of the preoperative proximal aortic arch (HR=0.152, 95%CI 0.038-0.601, P=0.007) and the postoperative left main bronchus compression (HR=15.261, 95%CI 1.104-210.978, P=0.042). Conclusion Three surgical procedures for neonates with CoA and AAH are safe and effective, but the aortic reobstruction rate in long term is not low. The smaller Z score of the preoperative proximal aortic arch and the postoperative left main bronchus compression are risk factors for long-term aortic reobstruction.
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@#Objective To summarize the results of surgical treatment for 79 patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) combined with complex anomalies (CA) in recent years. Methods The data from 79 patients with CoA combined with CA admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January 19, 2010 and September 7, 2017 were collected and analyzed. There were 52 males and 27 females. The median age was 71 days, and the median weight was 4.3 kg. There were 26 patients combined with tracheostenosis and 7 patients with preoperative tracheal intubation. Extended end-to-side anastomosis was used to correct the CoA, and the associated cardiac abnormalities were treated simultaneously by an incision through median sternotomy. All operations were performed by the same group of surgeons. Results The median deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was 18 (13-28) minutes, the median aorta cross-clamp time was 62 (15-199) minutes, the median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 145 (71-674) minutes, the median ventilation time was 72 (9-960) hours, the median length of ICU stay was 144 (12-1 944) hours, and the median length of hospital stay was 24 (2-93) days. Early death occurred in 9 patients and late death occurred in 5 patients. Reoperation occurred in 28 patients and recoarctation developed in 10 patients. After operation, transcoarctation gradient was reduced, and the transcutaneous oxygen saturation, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate and creatinine were increased. Compared to the survival group, both preoperative and postoperative transcutaneous oxygen saturation were worse and the postoperative levels of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and CRP were higher in the death group. Conclusion Correcting the CoA and the associated CA simultaneously with extended end-to-side anastomosis by an incision through median sternotomy is effective and safe, and the outcomes of immediate and medial-term are satisfactory. Improving oxygenation and limiting elevation of BNP and CRP levels may reduce the death rate.
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Resumen Las intervenciones mayores en cirugía cardiovascular de pacientes con patología aórtica pueden traer como consecuencia el compromiso de la perfusión de órganos distantes al sitio de la cirugía, siendo el tracto gastrointestinal uno de los más sensibles a los cambios hemodinámicos, en especial en grupos extremos de edad con un alto riesgo de morbimortalidad. Se reporta el caso de una lactante con antecedente de síndrome de Turner, quien es llevada a corrección de coartación de aorta más hipoplasia del arco, presentando como complicación posoperatoria un cuadro de gastritis enfisematosa con compromiso sistémico, proceso que fue favorecido por bajo gasto cardiaco posterior a bomba y presencia de urosepsis temprana, todo lo cual fue interpretado como parte del espectro del síndrome de isquemia mesentérica no oclusiva. Su diagnóstico precoz hizo posible una pronta intervención, consistente en soporte nutricional parenteral, freno ácido, antibioticoterapia de amplio espectro y seguimiento radiológico estricto, logrando la resolución completa de su sintomatología, sin complicaciones a corto plazo. Este caso demuestra que la identificación de factores de riesgo de isquemia esplácnica, una alta sospecha clínica y un cuidadoso manejo médico permiten un desenlace favorable para una patología con una alta tasa de mortalidad y muy pocos casos reportados en población pediátrica.
Abstract Major interventions in cardiovascular surgery of patients with aortic pathology can result in the compromise of perfusion of organs distant from the surgery site, the gastrointestinal tract being one of the most sensitive to hemodynamic changes, especially in extreme age groups with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The case of a young infant is reported, with a history of Turner syndrome, who is led to correction of aortic coarctation plus arch hypoplasia, presenting as a postoperative complication a picture of emphysematous gastritis with systemic compromise, a process that was favored by low cardiac output post-pump and the presence of early urosepsis, all of which was interpreted as part of the spectrum of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia syndrome. Its early diagnosis made possible a prompt intervention consisting of parenteral nutritional support, acid brake, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and strict radiological follow-up, achieving complete resolution of her symptoms, without short-term complications. This case demonstrated that the identification of risk factors for splanchnic ischemia, a high clinical suspicion and careful medical management, allowed a favorable outcome for a disease with a high mortality rate and very few cases reported in the pediatric population.
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Objective:To monitor the blood pressure in pediatric patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) before and 8 years after surgery, and explore the mechanism of elevated blood pressure in pediatric patients with repaired CoA.Methods:A cohort of 23 pediatric patients who underwent CoA repair between January 2010 and October 2010 in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center was studied. And 20 age-, sex-match patients with isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) who underwent surgery at the same time, 20 age-, sex-match health patients with normal echocardiographic findings were included in the study. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), arm-leg SBP gradient, right carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were monitored at baseline(1 day before surgery) and 8-year follow-up (8 years after surgery).Results:There were no differences in SBP and DBP among patients with CoA, patients with VSD and health children at baseline ( P>0.05). But at 8-year follow-up, 2 patients with CoA exhibited hypertension. Not only that, patients with CoA had higher SBP than patients with VSD and health children at 8-year follow-up ( P<0.05). Patients with CoA had higher arm-leg SBP gradient than patients with VSD and health children at baseline ( P<0.01). But there were no differences in arm-leg SBP among patients with CoA, patients with VSD and health children at 8-year follow-up ( P>0.05). Patients with CoA had increased CIMT and higher serum levels of TGF-β1 at baseline and 8-year follow-up ( P<0.05). The preoperative levels of CIMT and serum TGF-β1 in the patients with CoA were highly positively correlated with their levels at 8-year follow-up, respectively ( P<0.01). There was a strong correlation between the levels of CIMT and serum TGF-β1 in patients with CoA, both preoperatively and postoperatively ( P<0.01). The preoperative and postoperative levels of CIMT and serum TGF-β1 in the patients with CoA were highly positively correlated with SBP at 8-year follow-up, respectively( P<0.05). Conclusion:Although surgery can successfully cure the anatomical " stenosis" , patients with CoA have elevated systolic blood pressure than normal people and patients with simple congenital heart disease (such as VSD). And some of the patients with CoA suffer from hypertension at long-term follow-up, even they are normotensive preoperatively. It may be related to vascular remodeling, in which TGF-β signaling pathway may be involved. Monitoring CIMT and TGF-β1 in patients with CoA preoperatively may be significative for prediction for the levels of SBP postoperatively.
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@#Objective To explore the role of increased preoperative ventricular-arterial stiffening in hypertensive infants with coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 314 infants with CoA (CoA group, 193 males and 121 females, aged 5.4±2.2 months), and 314 infants receiving tumor chemotherapy with normal cardiovascular function and without pneumonia (control group, 189 males and 125 females, aged 4.4±3.8 months), who were admitted to our hospital from 2015 to 2017. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results There were statistical differences in effective aortic elastance index (Eai), effective left ventricular end-systolic elasticity index (Eesi), ventricle-artery coupling index (VACi), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and ratios of left ventricular hypertrophy, dilation and systolic dysfunction between the two groups (P<0.05). Compared with non-hypertensive CoA infants, CoA infants with hypertension had higher Eai, Eesi, NT-ProBNP level and proportion of left ventricular hypertrophy (P<0.05). Compared with concomitant ventricular septal defect, infants with isolated CoA had higher Eai, Eesi, NT-proBNP level, incidence of hypertension and higher proportion of left ventricular hypertrophy, dilation and systolic dysfunction (P<0.05). Eai and Eesi were positively correlated with NT-proBNP level, left ventricular hypertrophy and fractional shortening of left ventricle (P<0.05), while Eai and Eesi were negatively correlated with left ventricular end diastolic volume index, left ventricular end systolic volume index and concomitant ventricular septal defect (P<0.05). Hypertension was related to preoperative left ventricular hypertrophy, Eai, Eesi and NT-ProBNP. Eai was an independent risk factor for hypertension. Conclusion Preoperative ventricular-arterial stiffening is increased in infants with aortic coarctation, which is related to the occurrence of hypertension. Isolated CoA shows more significant increase in ventricular-arterial stiffening, higher ventricular overload and incidence of hypertension.
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@#Coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch are congenital anomalies affecting the aortic arch. Because of the poor natural prognosis, many patients will need early surgical repair or even emergency surgery. With the improvement of the surgical techniques, cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and perioperative intensive care, surgical mortality has now dramatically decreased. However, aortic arch restenosis, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and long-term hypertension are problems that may be still encountered during the follow-up period. By reviewing large amounts of literature and discussing among experts, we achieved a consensus on many aspects of the management strategy. We hope this consensus will help Chinese colleagues further improve the overall surgical outcomes of coarctation of aorta and interrupted aortic arch.
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Objective@#To summarize the clinical characteristics of coarctation of the aorta(CoA) associated with intracardiac anomalies in infants.@*Methods@#The data from August 2009 to August 2017 of 86 infants who were diagnosed with CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies. Preoperative diagnosis, surgical findings and post-operation follow-up were analyzed retrospectively. There were 56 boys an 30 girls, aqed(95.1±78.0) days, weight(4.6±1.2) kg. Anatomical types included 37 cases of pre-ductal CoA, 44 cases of peri-ducutal CoA, and 5 cases of post-ductal CoA. And this group also included 73 infants complicating VSD, 59 infants complicating ASD, 2 infants complicating DORV, and 1 infant complicating TAPVC.@*Results@#All of the included patients underwent single-stage repair of CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies. Mean operative time was(279.0±56.4) min, mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(162.3±51.0) min, and mean aorta cross-clamp time was(74.7±25.2) min. Mean length of ICU stay and ventilation time were(7.4±4.7) days and(101.1±75.4) hours, respectively. The residual transcoarctation gradient before discharge was lower than pre-operative transcoarctation gradient significantly [(42.3±17.7) mmHg vs.(22.1±9.4)mmHg, P<0.001], and 7 early deaths were observed after surgery. The mean follow-up time of 79 hospital survivors was(31.0±27.4) months, and no late death was found. Transcoarctation gradient of hospital survivors in the last time follow-up was(21.2±11.0)mmHg. Transcoarctation gradient of 29 cases was higher than 20 mmHg, however, only 4 cases with significant clinical symptom of lower limbs retardation were recommended for ballon angioplasty consultant. The cumulative recoarctation-free survival in 2-year follow-up was 69.2%.@*Conclusion@#To avoid early second-stage operations, single-stage repair of CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies was effective and safe, and the outcomes of early to mid term follow-up were satisfactory.
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Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of coarctation of the aorta( CoA) associated with intrac-ardiac anomalies in infants. Methods The data from August 2009 to August 2017 of 86 infants who were diagnosed with CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies. Preoperative diagnosis, surgical findings and post-operation follow-up were analyzed ret-rospectively. There were 56 boys an 30 girls, aqed(95. 1 ± 78. 0) days, weight(4. 6 ± 1. 2) kg. Anatomical types included 37 cases of pre-ductal CoA, 44 cases of peri-ducutal CoA, and 5 cases of post-ductal CoA. And this group also included 73 in-fants complicating VSD, 59 infants complicating ASD, 2 infants complicating DORV, and 1 infant complicating TAPVC. Re-sults All of the included patients underwent single-stage repair of CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies. Mean operative time was(279. 0 ± 56. 4) min, mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(162. 3 ± 51. 0) min, and mean aorta cross-clamp time was(74.7 ±25.2) min. Mean length of ICU stay and ventilation time were(7.4 ±4.7) days and(101.1 ±75.4)hours, re-spectively. The residual transcoarctation gradient before discharge was lower than pre-operative transcoarctation gradient signifi-cantly[(42.3±17.7)mmHgvs.(22.1±9.4)mmHg,P<0.001],and7earlydeathswereobservedaftersurgery. The mean follow-up time of 79 hospital survivors was(31. 0 ± 27. 4) months, and no late death was found. Transcoarctation gradient of hospital survivors in the last time follow-up was(21.2 ±11.0)mmHg. Transcoarctation gradient of 29 cases was higher than 20 mmHg, however, only 4 cases with significant clinical symptom of lower limbs retardation were recommended for ballon an-gioplasty consultant. The cumulative recoarctation-free survival in 2-year follow-up was 69. 2％. Conclusion To avoid early second-stage operations, single-stage repair of CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies was effective and safe, and the out-comes of early to mid term follow-up were satisfactory.
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Congenital coarctation of the aorta is a complex and common congenital heart disease, which can be combined with other heart defects. The clinical symptoms vary from the severity of the disease. In 1944, Crafoord successfully performed surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta, along with the progress of surgical Methods and the advent of interventional techniques, the treatment effect is improved, But no matter what kind of treatment it is, restenosis, aortic aneurysm, hypertension and other complications cannot be avoided. From long-term analysis of the followup Results , the overall effect of surgical treatment is still better than interventional treatment. This article reviews the surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta.
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A Coarctação de Aorta (CoA) é uma doença congênita que causa estreitamento do vaso ao longo de seu trajeto. Corresponde aproximadamente 5% das doenças cardíacas congênitas. A CoA frequentemente ocorre no arco distal ou na região descendente. As manifestações clínicas são diversas, sendo a hipertensão arterial um marcador importante de gravidade e lesões em orgãos-alvo. Muitos apresentam cefaleia, tontura, pulsação da cabeça e pescoço, fraqueza, claudicação de membros inferiores. Os aneurismas cerebrais correspondem a 50% nos pacientes com CoA, descritos em 1871 por Eppinger. A fisiopatologia é incerta, contudo é de conhecimento o baixo risco de ruptura e que seu tamanho é menor que os demais aneurismas. Raramente os aneurismas são encontrados em pessoas acima de 50 anos sendo mais comum entre 20-30 anos. Os pacientes que sobrevivem após os dois anos sem intervenção evoluem sem complicações nas maioria dos casos. Relato de Caso: paciente, 46 anos, engenheiro e jogador de futebol de salão master federado desde os 15 anos de idade. Apresentou-se na emergência com quadro de cefaleia de forte intensidade, a pior da vida, com paraparesia de membros inferiores, náuseas e vômitos. Ao exame físico estava em mal estado geral, sopro sistólico contínuo em região interescapular e sopro em diamante em região de precordio, pressão arterial de 180 x100 mmHg, normocardio, força muscular grau 2 em membros inferiores, ausência de pulsos pediosos em membros inferiores e anisocoria. Realizado tomografia de crâneo que evidencia a hemorragia subaracnoidea fisher 2, posteriormente com a angiotomografia cerebral constatou dois aneurismas saculares. Realizado eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma e fundo de olho sem lesões de órgãos-alvo. Devido à característica do sopro evidenciado no exame e ao Rx de tórax com Sinal de Rosler e 3 invertido solicitou-se uma angiotomografia de aorta que mostrou uma CoA da aorta descendente. Comentários: o caso apresentando apresenta um paciente de 46 anos, jogador de futebol profissional sem sintomas até o presente momento, em tratamento irregular para hipertensão arterial desde os 24 anos de idade. Na grande maioria dos casos de CoA os pacientes adultos jovens e idosos evoluem com lesões de órgãos-alvo e complicações decorrentes da hipertensão de longa data. O presente caso demonstra a necessidade de um exame físico completo, a investigação ativa de hipertensão secundária em pacientes jovens
Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) is a congenital disease that causes narrowing of the vessel along its way. Measure up 5 % of congenital heart disease. CoA often occurs in the distal arch or descending aorta. Clinical manifestations are diverse, arterial hypertension being an important marker of severity and lesions in organs, many show with headache, dizziness, pulsation of the head and neck, weakness, claudication of the legs. Described in 1871 by Eppinger, Cerebral aneurysms correspond to 50% in patients with CoA. Rarely, aneurysms are found in people over 50 years of age and are more common in the 20-30 year age group. Patients who survive without the necessity of intervention, after two years, have being develop uncomplicated. Case Report: patient, 46 years old, engineer and federated master soccer player since 15 years old. Admited in the emergency department reporting the worst headache of his life, associated, paraparesis of lower limbs, nausea and vomiting. At physical exam: continuous systolic murmur in interscapular region and diamond shaped systolic murmur at precordium. Arterial blood pressure was 180 x100 mmHg, normocardium, muscle strength level 2 in lower limbs , absence of pedis's pulses in lower limbs and anisocoria. Cranial CT scan showed hemorrhage subarachnoid (Fisher 2) and the cerebral angiotomography revealed two saccular aneurysms. Electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and fundus of the eye without lesions. Owing to the characteristic of the murmur evidenced at physical exam and the Rosler's Signal, "3 Sign" seen and at chest X- Ray, an aortic angiotomography was performed which showed a Coa of the descending aorta. Conclusion: the case presents a patient of 46 years, professional soccer player with no symptoms until the present moment, in irregular treatment for hypertension since the 24 years of age. In majority of cases of CoA, young-adult and elderly patients develop with target organ damage and complications resulting from long-standing hypertension. Therefore, a complete physical examination, the active investigation of secondary hypertension in young patients, becomes essential.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aortic Coarctation/diagnosis , Aneurysm/diagnosisABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the efficacy and safety of covered Cheatham-Platinum stent (CCPS) implantation in treating coarctation of the aorta (CoA).Methods The clinical data of 11 patients with CoA who had received CCPS implantation were retrospectively analyzed.Results Successful implantation of single CCPS was accomplished in all 11 patients.After the implantation,the diameter of coarctation site was immediately dilated from preoperative (4.76+0.89) mm to postoperative (12.86+0.90) mm (t=24.86,P＜0.001),and the average systolic blood pressure difference across the coarctation was immediately reduced from preoperative (38.55+10.02) mmHg to postoperative (9.82+6.60) mmHg,the difference was statistically significant (t=10.8,P＜0.001).The patients were followed up for 3-79 months,with a mean of (31.91±27.58) months.The clinical symptoms were relieved in all patients and the activity tolerance was obviously improved.No complications such as endoleak,acute injury of aortic wall,re-coarctation or re-stenosis,vascular injury of puncture site,or death occurred in all patients.Conclusion For the treatment of CoA,implantation of CCPS has excellent short-term and mid-term effect,meanwhile,this technique can effectively avoid complications such as aortic wall iniurv.(J Intervent Radiol.2017.26:211-214)
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Objective To determine the effectiveness of systolic blood pressure gradient between the right arm and the right leg(SBPG) tests in the diagnosis of neonatal aorta anomaly(AoA).Methods The SBPG of infants suspected of having critical congenital heart diseases were collected prospectively,who were admitted to Guangdong General Hospital from January 2013 to December 2015.The results of SBPG test were compared with those of echocardiography or cardiac computed tomography (golden standard).The rates of true positive,true negative,false positive,false negative were calculated under cutoff values of 5 mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),10 mmHg,15 mmHg and 20 mmHg,respectively.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to compare tests of different cutoff and the areas under the ROC curve were also calculated.Results Among 664 enrolled infants,67 cases were confirmed by golden standard test.The systolic blood pressure in the right arm,the legs and SBPG in AoA group and non-AoA group were (88.0±20.4) mmHgvs.(73.4±9.3) mmHg (P＜0.01),(66.1 ±10.1) mmHg vs.(69.0 ±9.7) mmHg(P＞0.05) and (22.6±17.8) mmHgvs.(2.3 ±4.8) mmHg(P ＜0.01),respectively.In these patients,31 cases(46.3％),31 cases(46.3％),27 cases(40.3％) and 21 cases(31.3％) were diagnosed of AoA,and 36 cases(53.7％),36 cases (53.7％),40 cases(59.7％),and 46 cases (68.7％) were missed by SBPG tests of 5 mmHg,10 mmHg,15 mmHg and 20 mmHg,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).The rates of true negative among those groups were 94.1％,99.5％,99.7％ and 100.0％,and the areas under ROC curve were 0.656,0.722,0.695 and 0.657,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Almost half of AoA infants could be screened out by SBPG test.The cutoff of 10 mmHg could probably be used to screen potential AoA infants,with higher true positive rate and lower false positive rate.
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Compression of the airway is relatively common in pediatric patients, although it is often an unrecognized complication of congenital cardiac and aortic arch anomalies. Aortopexy has been established as a surgical treatment for tracheobronchial obstruction associated with vascular anomaly, aortic arch anomaly, esophageal atresia, and tracheoesophageal fistula. The tissue-to-tissue arch repair technique could result in severe airway complication such as compression of the left main bronchus which was not a problem before the correction. We report three cases of corrective open heart surgery monitored by intraoperative bronchoscopy performed during prebypass, and performed immediately before weaning from bypass, to evaluate tracheobronchial obstruction caused by congenital, complex cardiac anomalies in the operating room.
Subject(s)
Humans , Airway Obstruction , Aorta, Thoracic , Aortic Coarctation , Bronchi , Bronchoscopy , Esophageal Atresia , Operating Rooms , Thoracic Surgery , Tracheoesophageal Fistula , WeaningABSTRACT
La coartación de aorta es una de las cardiopatías congénitas intervenidas más frecuentes en la edad adulta. En estos pacientes, hay una mayor incidencia de hipertensión arterial durante las actividades diarias y el ejercicio, a pesar de una correcta cirugía reparadora. Dado que la hipertensión arterial, en ocasiones, solo se demuestra al realizar un monitoreo de la tensión arterial (hipertensión arterial oculta), debemos también estar atentos a la aparición de signos indirectos, como el desarrollo de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda.
Coarctation of the aorta, repaired in childhood, is a congenital heart disease frequently seen in adulthood. In these patients there is a higher incidence ofhypertension during daily activities and exercise despite a correct surgical repair. Since hypertension may only be seen by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (occult arterial hypertension) we should also look for indirect signs, such as the development of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Aortic Coarctation/surgery , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Down Syndrome , Asymptomatic Diseases , Hypertension/diagnosisABSTRACT
Severe persistent hypertension is seen infrequently in newborns and infants, but we came across two infants who developed severe paradoxical hypertension after successful coarctation repair. Treatment of systemic hypertension following repair of coarctation of the aorta is always challenging particularly in infants. Dexmedetomidine was used successfully as an adjunct to the established anti‑hypertensive drugs in the immediate postoperative period in our cases to treat postoperative paradoxical hypertension.
Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage , Aortic Coarctation/complications , Aortic Coarctation/surgery , Dexmedetomidine/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination/methods , Humans , Hypertension/etiology , Hypertension/drug therapy , Infant , Postoperative Complications/etiologyABSTRACT
Relata-se um caso de uma paciente de 50 anos, dislipidêmica, tabagista e hipertensa, que se queixava de claudicação intermitente progressiva há seis anos (durante primeira consulta ao deambular 100 metros). Ao exame clínico inicial, apresentava-se hipertensa (PA: 150 x 70 mmHg) e baixa amplitude de pulso nas artérias femorais, já em uso de quatro classes diferentes de anti-hipertensivos. Durante investigação diagnóstica, detectou-se, na angioressonância, estenose de 75% do lumen da aorta, 5 cm abaixo das artérias renais. Foi submetida à aortoplastia com stent, com satisfatória evolução clínica e normalização dos níveis pressóricos. Dessa forma, com as características clínicas descritas e com o tratamento utilizado para esta paciente, ilustramos um caso de coarctação atípica da aorta abdominal infrarrenal, patologia rara e com mecanismo fisiopatológico pouco compreendido. Destaca-se a importância do diagnóstico precoce e do tratamento adequado dessa síndrome.
We report a case of a 50 years-old patient, with dyslipidemia, that smokes and has hypertension, who complained of progressive intermittent claudication six years ago (during the first visit when walking 100 meters). The initial clinical examination revealed hypertension (BP: 150 x 70 mmHg) and low pulse width in femoral arteries, already in use in four different classes of antihypertensive drugs. During diagnostic investigation was detected in magnetic resonance angiography, 75% stenosis of the aorta lumen 5 cm below the renal arteries. She underwent angioplasty with a stent, a good outcome and normal blood pressure. Thus, with the clinical characteristics and the treatment used for this patient, we illustrate a case of atypical coarctation of the aorta abdominal below-renal, rare disease with poorly understood pathophysiological mechanism. We emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this syndrome.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aortic Coarctation , Dyslipidemias , HypertensionABSTRACT
Objective To compare the CT features and clinic data of patients with congenital coarctation of the aorta ( CoA) and com-plex CoA. Methods CT findings and clinical characteristics of 29 patients with CoA were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Results There were difference in clinical characteristics between isolated COA and complex COA(P<0. 05). Local COA, aortic isthmus COA, associated with patent ductus arteriosus, bicuspid aortic valve were more than those of complex COA(all P<0. 05). Grade of vascular steno-sis in patients with isolated COA was higher than ones with complex COA. Isolated COA associated with vascular variations and aorta malfor-mation were less than those of Complex COA(P<0. 001). More cardiacvascular malformation were common in patients with complex COA, collateral circulation were in in all patients with isolated COA. Conclusion There were differences of CT findings in patients with different COAs. CT findings would be helpful for early diagnosis, treatment in early stage, and choice of treatment.
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Objective To explore the clinical value of two dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography in diagnosis of infants with coarctation of the aorta(CoA),and to analyse the cause of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.Methods The echocardiographic characteristics of 87 infants with CoA were analyzed retrospectively,and the results were compared with surgical findings.Results Seventy-five patients were correctly diagnosed,while 9 patients were missed and 3 patients were misdiagnosed.Discrete coarctation was found in 67 cases,whereas tubular coarctation was detected in 8 cases of CoA.Conclusions Mastering the echocardiographic characteristics of infants with CoA and carefully scanning the sternum nest section,combined with two dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography,could avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
ABSTRACT
A 78-year-old woman had been undergoing medical treatment for hypertension since she delivered a son in her early twenties. Three months previously, she was admitted with heart failure. She had felt leg fatigue for a long time, and the pressure gradient between the upper and lower limbs was about 60 mmHg. On further examinations, she was found to have an atrial septal defect (ASD), tricuspid valve regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, and severe coarctation of the aorta (CoA) with well-developed collateral arteries. We performed ASD closure, tricuspid annuloplasty with a flexible ring, left atrial maze operation and extra-anatomic bypass from the ascending to the abdominal aorta through a median sternotomy and upper median laparotomy. She had no postoperative complications and the pressure gradient between the upper and lower limbs improved remarkably postoperatively. It is rare for a patient over 70 years old who for the first time was given a diagnosis of CoA and ASD with other heart disease and who underwent surgical correction. We think one stage surgery with extra-anatomic bypass from the ascending to the abdominal aorta is a safe and effective technique for patients suffering CoA with heart disease.